Xov xwm ntxaws/Tshaj tawm:
Xov xwm nthuav dav/Tshaj tawm:,
CE,
▍ Kev Tshaj Tawm GOST-R yog dab tsi?
GOST-R Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai yog ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ua pov thawj tias cov khoom tau ua raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias. Thaum txoj cai lij choj ntawm Cov Khoom Siv thiab Ntawv Pov Thawj tau muab los ntawm Lavxias Federation hauv xyoo 1995, cov khoom siv pov thawj yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv Russia. Nws yuav tsum tau tag nrho cov khoom muag nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ua lag luam yuav tsum tau luam tawm nrog GOST yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj cim.
Raws li ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li daim ntawv pov thawj, Gost-R Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev Ua Raws Cai raws li kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv lossis daim ntawv pov thawj kev tswj xyuas zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai muaj tus yam ntxwv uas nws tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau Lavxias teb sab chaw raws cai uas txhais tau tias tus neeg thov (tus tuav) ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem tsuas yog ib lub tuam txhab sau npe hauv Lavxias lossis txawv teb chaws chaw ua haujlwm uas tau sau npe hauv Russia.
▍ GOST-R tshaj tawm hom thiab siv tau
1. SingleShipmentCertificate
Daim ntawv pov thawj kev xa khoom ib leeg tsuas yog siv tau rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, cov khoom lag luam tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yog nruj me ntsis tswj hwm, xws li cov khoom npe, ntau, specification, daim ntawv cog lus thiab cov neeg siv khoom Lavxias.
2. Cdaim ntawv pov thawje nrog validity ntawmib xyoo
Thaum ib yam khoom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tuaj yeem xa tawm cov khoom mus rau Russia hauv 1 xyoos yam tsis muaj kev txwv lub sijhawm xa khoom thiab ntau npaum li cas rau cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb.
3. Certificate nrog validity ntawmpeb/ tsib xyoos
Thaum ib yam khoom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tuaj yeem xa tawm cov khoom mus rau Russia hauv 3 lossis 5 xyoo yam tsis muaj kev txwv lub sijhawm xa khoom thiab ntau npaum li cas rau cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb.
▍ Vim li cas MCM?
●MCM muaj ib pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm los kawm txog cov kev cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias, kom ntseeg tau tias GOST-R cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshiab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem muab qhia kom raug thiab raws sijhawm rau cov neeg siv khoom.
●MCM tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog lub zos lub koom haum ua ntawv pov thawj ntxov tshaj plaws, muab kev pabcuam ruaj khov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom.
▍ EAC yog dab tsi?
Raws liTheCov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Cai ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Cai rau Kazakhstan, Belarus thiab Lavxias Federationuas yog daim ntawv cog lus kos npe los ntawm Russia, Belarus thiab Kazakhstan thaum Lub Kaum Hli 18 2010, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg yuav tsum mob siab rau kev tsim cov qauv kev coj ua thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom. Ib daim ntawv pov thawj muaj feem xyuam rau peb lub teb chaws, uas ua rau Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan CU-TR daim ntawv pov thawj nrog cov cim EAC. Txoj cai pib pib maj mam pib txij Lub Ob Hlis 15th2013. Nyob rau lub Ib Hlis 2015, Armenia thiab Kyrgyzstan tau koom nrog Customs Union.
▍ CU-TR Certificate Type and Validity
- SingleShipmentCertificate
Daim ntawv pov thawj kev xa khoom ib leeg tsuas yog siv tau rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, cov khoom lag luam tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yog nruj me ntsis tswj hwm, xws li cov khoom npe, ntau, daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg siv khoom Lavxias. Thaum ua ntawv thov rau daim ntawv pov thawj, tsis muaj cov qauv thov kom muab tab sis cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ua.
- Certificatenrogsiv tauntawmib xyoo
Thaum ib qho khoom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tuaj yeem xa khoom mus rau Russia hauv 1 xyoos yam tsis muaj kev txwv lub sij hawm xa khoom thiab ntau npaum li cas.
- Certificate nrog validity ntawmpebxyoos
Thaum ib qho khoom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem xa khoom tuaj rau Russia hauv 3 xyoos yam tsis muaj kev txwv ntawm lub sijhawm xa khoom thiab ntau npaum li cas.
- Certificate nrog validity ntawm tsib xyoos
Thaum ib qho khoom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tuaj yeem xa khoom mus rau Russia hauv 5 xyoos yam tsis muaj kev txwv lub sij hawm xa khoom thiab ntau npaum li cas.
▍ Vim li cas MCM?
●MCM muaj ib pab pawg pf kws tshaj lij engineers los kawm txog kev cai lij choj kev cai lij choj kev cai lij choj, thiab muab cov kev pab cuam nyob ze, ua kom cov neeg siv khoom nkag mus rau hauv cheeb tsam kom zoo thiab ua tiav.
● Cov peev txheej ntau ntxiv los ntawm kev lag luam roj teeb ua rau MCM muab kev pabcuam zoo thiab tus nqi qis rau cov neeg siv khoom.
●MCM tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov koom haum hauv zos, kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm CU-TR daim ntawv pov thawj raug muab qhia kom raug thiab raws sijhawm rau cov neeg siv khoom.
3. Raws li Nihon Keizai Shimbun tau tshaj tawm rau lub Yim Hli 20, Panasonic tau npaj los txhawb kev tsim khoom.
Lub peev xwm ntawm Tesla lub roj teeb hauv xyoo tom ntej. Nws cia siab tias yuav nqis peev ntau dua $ 100 lab rau Tesla
"Gigafactory 1" hauv Nevada, nce lub peev xwm ntau lawm los ntawm 10%, mus txog 39GWh ib xyoos.
4. Tesla's Hornsdale roj teeb, uas tau sib sau ua ke hauv South Australia, ua tiav nws cov kev hloov kho tshiab, nce qhov
muaj peev xwm los ntawm 50%, tab sis ua tsis tau tejyam rov qab lub crown ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj plaws lithium-ion roj teeb. Cov
230-magawatt system, tau tsim tawm hauv California lub hli tas los, tam sim no yog lub ntiaj teb cov roj teeb loj tshaj plaws
qhov system. Ntau qhov haujlwm tseem tab tom txhim kho hauv Australia, suav nrog cov chaw los ntawm Siemens Ag thiab
AGL Energy LTD., uas yuav sib tw Hornsdale loj.
