Keeb kwm
Kev ntsuas lub neej (LCA) yog ib qho cuab yeej los ntsuas qhov kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom, khoom siv tes ua. Cov cuab yeej yuav ntsuas los ntawm kev sau cov khoom siv raw mus rau kev tsim khoom, thauj, siv, thiab thaum kawg mus pov tseg zaum kawg. LCA tau tsim muaj txij li xyoo 1970s.
l Lub koom haum ntawm Environmental Toxicology thiab Chemistry (SETAC) txhais SETAC raws li ib txoj hauv kev los ntsuam xyuas cov khoom, kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua cuam tshuam li cas rau ib puag ncig los ntawm kev ntsuas cov khoom siv raw, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tso tawm pov tseg.
l Hauv xyoo 1997, ISO tau tshaj tawm ISO 14000 series, thiab txhais LCA raws li kev muab tso ua ke thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv thiab cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom lag luam thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig suav nrog kev siv peev txheej, tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ecology. ISO 14040 txhais cov thawj coj thiab lub moj khaum, thiab ISO 14044 txhais cov kev cai thiab kev taw qhia.
Kev ntsuas LCA muaj 4 theem:
1) lub hom phiaj thiab cov peev txheej. Qhov no yog hais txog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thaj tsam ntawm lub system, dab tsi chav tsev yog xaiv los siv, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
2) Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom muag. Qhov no suav nrog kev sau thiab pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv.
3) Kev ntsuas cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog los txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
4) Kev txhais lus. Qhov no yog los xaus qhov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim.
Lub hom phiaj thiab qhov kawg
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm yog qhov pib ntawm LCA. Qhov no yog txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub kaw lus, thiab nws tseem yuav pab ua pov thawj ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg ntawm lub kaw lus thiaj li thov rau daim ntawv pov thawj ntsuab.
System ciam teb
Cov ciam teb yuav tsum muaj cov theem hauv qab no thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam (hauv qab no yog cov ciam teb ntawm cov khoom siv roj teeb)
Lub neej voj voog theem | Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam |
Raw khoom tau txais thiab kho ua ntej | Qhov no suav nrog cov khoom siv mining thiab lwm yam kev yuav khoom, kev kho ua ntej thiab kev thauj mus los. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog kom txog rau thaum cov khoom siv roj teeb (cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom sib cais, electrolyte, enclosure, active thiab passive roj teeb Cheebtsam), hluav taws xob los yog hluav taws xob Cheebtsam. |
Main ntau lawm | Sib sau ua ke ntawm tes, roj teeb thiab hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob. |
Kev faib tawm | Thauj mus rau qhov chaw muag khoom. |
Lub neej voj voog xaus thiab rov ua dua tshiab | Sau, disassemble thiab recycle |
Qhov no thiaj li hu ua cradle-to-grave. Cradle txhais tau tias pib, uas yog hais txog kev tau txais cov khoom siv raw. Grave txhais tau hais tias qhov kawg, uas yog hais txog kev khawb thiab rov ua dua tshiab.
Chav ua haujlwm
Chav tsev ua haujlwm yog tus qauv ntawm kev suav rau kev tawm tswv yim thiab cov khoom tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Feem ntau muaj ob chav ua haujlwm. Ib qho yog huab hwm coj (unit: kg), lwm qhov yog hluav taws xob (unit: kWh). Yog tias peb txais lub zog ua chav tsev, lub zog no txhais tau tias yog tag nrho lub zog muab los ntawm lub roj teeb hauv nws lub neej voj voog. Tag nrho lub zog yog xam los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm lub voj voog lub sij hawm thiab lub zog ntawm txhua lub voj voog.
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo
Hauv kev tshawb fawb LCA, qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm LCA. Yog li ntawd peb yuav tsum muab nqe lus thiab piav qhia rau cov ntaub ntawv peb tau txais thaum kawm.
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom muag
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) yog lub hauv paus ntawm LCA. Peb yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov peev txheej tsim nyog rau lub neej voj voog ntawm cov khoom, kev siv lub zog, thiab emission. Cov peev txheej ntawm no suav nrog kev tsuas, kev ua, cov khoom muag, kev siv, thauj, khaws cia, scrapping thiab rov ua dua, tag nrho lub neej voj voog. Lub zog suav nrog kev siv hluav taws xob, chemistry thiab hnub ci zog. Emission muaj xws li cov pa phem, cua sov thiab hluav taws xob.
(1) Tsim kom muaj ib qho qauv tsim khoom raws li qhov system ciam teb uas tau txiav txim siab hauv lub hom phiaj thiab thaj chaw.
(2) Sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, xws li cov khoom siv hauv txhua txoj haujlwm, kev siv hluav taws xob, kev thauj mus los, kev tawm mus, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntws.
(3) xam emission raws li kev ua haujlwm.
Kev soj ntsuam cuam tshuam
Kev soj ntsuam txog kev cuam tshuam lub neej (LCIA) yog ua los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom muag. LCIA suav nrog pawg cuam tshuam, qhov ntsuas, ntsuas tus qauv, qhov tshwm sim categorize, qeb parameter suav (tus cwj pwm thiab qauv).
LCA cov kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam muaj xws li:
- Abiotic cov peev txheej siv tus nqi muaj peev xwm thiab fossil roj siv tus nqi muaj peev xwm. Kev siv cov khoom siv abiotic muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev kho cov ore hauv qhov kev tawm tswv yim. Unit yog kg Sb eq. Kev siv abiotic ntawm fossil roj muaj feem xyuam rau cov nqi kub. Unit yog MJ.
- Ntiaj teb no warming nqi. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tau tsim ib tus qauv tsim los xam cov yam ntxwv yam ntxwv. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb sawv cev rau lub ntiaj teb ua kom sov lub peev xwm rau 100 xyoo. Unit yog kg CO2ua eq.
- Ozone sphere depletion tej zaum tus nqi. Cov qauv no yog tsim los ntawm Ntiaj Teb Meteorological Organization. Nws txhais lub peev xwm ntawm ozone depletion ntawm cov pa sib txawv. Chav tsev yog kg CFC-11 eq.
- Photochemical ozone. Chav tsev yog kg C2H2ua eq.
- Acidification. Nws sawv cev qhov muaj peev xwm emission los ntawm kev ntsuas SO2ntawm txhua kilogram ntawm emission. Unit yog kg SO2ua eq.
- Eutrophication. Unit yog kg PO4ua eq.
- Txhais lus
- Kev txhais lus yog theem kawg ntawm LCA. Kev sib xyaw lub hom phiaj thiab cov peev txheej, kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom muag thiab kev ntsuam xyuas qhov cuam tshuam, peb tuaj yeem muaj kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm cov khoom, thiab nrhiav kev ntsuas los txhim kho kev tsim khoom lossis kev ua neej nyob. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov khoom siv raw, hloov cov khoom siv raw, txhawb cov khoom lag luam, hloov hom zog, ua kom zoo dua cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam.
Xaus
- Muaj ntau ntau hom ntaub ntawv koom nrog hauv LCA. Qhov zoo thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias peb tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv taug qab platform, uas peb tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom lag luam xws li cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab kev tsim khoom, thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab, nws yuav txo qis qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj carbon footprint.
- Txhawm rau txo cov pa roj carbon monoxide, muaj cov kev ntsuas raws li hauv qab no: 1. Innovate roj teeb khoom system los txhim kho lub zog ceev thiab lub voj voog lub neej. Qhov no yuav txo qis carbon emission. 2. Piv rau lithium-ion roj teeb, sodium-ion roj teeb muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. 3. Cov roj teeb uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua lithium-ion roj teeb thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. 4. Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov tsim dua tuaj yeem txhim kho cov pa phem thiab txo qis carbon emission.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-04-2023