Cov pa roj carbon footprint

Keeb kwm thiab txheej txheem ntawm lubEU's “Txoj Cai Roj Teeb Tshiab”

EU txoj cai tswj cov roj teeb thiab khib nyiab,kuj hu uaEU's New Battery Regulation, tau thov los ntawm EU thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020 kom maj mam tshem tawm Cov Lus Qhia 2006/66/EC, hloov Txoj Cai (EU) Tsis muaj 2019/1020, thiab hloov kho EU roj teeb txoj cai.

Cov lus qhia roj teeb tam sim no (2006/66/EC), luam tawm xyoo 2006, feem ntau teev cov kev txwv ntawm kev txwv tus nqi thiab cim cov khoom tsis zoo (mercury, cadmium thiab lead) uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj teeb tso rau hauv EU lag luam, tab sis tsis qhia txog lwm yam kev ua tau zoo. ntsuas ntawm theem ntawm cov roj teeb tsim, siv thiab rov ua dua tshiab. CovTxoj Cai Roj Teeb Tshiab ua rau qhov kev poob qis no, tawm tswv yim ntau cov kev xav tau rau cov roj teeb uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua, rov ua dua tshiab thiab nyab xeeb, suav nrog cov kev cai ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw, cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg nkaus rov ua dua tshiab, cov qauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev, thiab lwm yam. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw hauv qhov kev hloov kho roj teeb no tau nyiam tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab. Tsis ntev los no, MCM tau txais ntau cov lus nug txog qhov no, yog li peb kho thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm no rau koj siv.

Cov kev xav tau rau cov pa roj carbon hneev taw 

Tshooj 7 ntawm lubTxoj Cai Roj Teeb Tshiab yog hais txog cov pa roj carbon hneev taw rau cov roj teeb tsheb hluav taws xob, lub teeb tsheb thiab cov roj teeb muaj. Cov roj teeb tsheb hluav taws xob thiab cov roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm ntau dua 2kWh yuav tsum tau nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia. Txhua tus qauv roj teeb thiab txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom lag luam yuav tsum muaj cov lus qhia carbon footprint, suav nrog:

(a) Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov chaw tsim khoom;

(b) Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hom roj teeb uas tau tshaj tawm siv;

(c) Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog thaj chaw ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom roj teeb;

(d) Cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm lub roj teeb lub neej voj voog yog nyob rau hauv kilograms ntawm CO₂ sib npaug;

(e) Cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm lub roj teeb ntawm txhua theem ntawm nws lub neej voj voog;

(f) Tus lej cim ntawm lub roj teeb EU tshaj tawm ntawm kev ua raws

Txoj kev suav ntawm carbon footprint

Cov txheej txheem suav ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw tau muab rau hauv Appendix II ntawm covTxoj Cai Roj Teeb Tshiab. Muaj peb hom:

1) Product Environmental Footprint (PEF)

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&from=EN

2) Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCRs)

https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods_en

3) Cov ntawv cog lus thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev nce qib hauv kev ntsuas kev ntsuas lub neej

https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/6e9b7f79-da96-4a53-956f-e8f62c9d7fed/library/537534a4-9c76-40a1-b488-e9127db2befd/details?

Kev suav ntawm lub neej voj voog cov pa roj carbon hneev taw yuav tsum yog raws li daim nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lub zog thiab cov khoom siv pabcuam siv los tsim ib hom roj teeb ntawm ib tsob nroj tshwj xeeb. Tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (xws li cov chaw tswj hwm roj teeb, cov chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo yog cov tseem ceeb rau cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm cov roj teeb. Daim ntawv qhia cov pa roj carbon hneev taw yuav tsum yog rau hom roj teeb uas tsim los ntawm ib qho chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov npe khoom lossis lub zog sib xyaw siv yuav tsum muaj kev suav tshiab ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm cov qauv roj teeb.

Cov pa roj carbon footprint Performance index

Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw tshaj tawm tus nqi ntawm lub roj teeb hauv kev ua lag luam, cov pa roj carbon hneev taw kev ua tau zoo yuav raug txiav txim siab kom ua tiav kev lag luam sib txawv. Qeb A yog qeb zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov pa roj carbon tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej-kev cuam tshuam. Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas yuav txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej-kho cov pa roj carbon hneev taw pib rau cov roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm ntau dua 2kWh raws li qhov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov roj teeb uas tshaj cov pa roj carbon hneev taw yuav tsis raug xa tawm mus rau EU.

Carbon footprint hnub siv

²Txij thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, 2024, cov roj teeb tsheb hluav taws xob, cov roj teeb tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov roj teeb muaj peev xwm yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm lawv cov pa roj carbon hneev taw;

²Txij Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Tim 1, 2025, cov roj teeb tsheb hluav taws xob, lub teeb tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov roj teeb muaj roj yuav xav tau cov pa roj carbon hneev taw kev ua haujlwm;

(Lub European Commission yuav tshaj tawm txoj kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm 31 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2024)

²Txij Lub Xya Hli 1, 2027, cov roj teeb tsheb hluav taws xob, cov tsheb thauj neeg lub teeb thiab cov roj teeb muaj zog nrog lub zog siab dua 2kWh yuav tsum muaj lub neej ntev tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw.

(Cov European Commission yuav tshaj tawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1, 2025)

Cov pa roj carbon tariff

Kev taw qhia luv luv

Carbon Ciam Teb Kho Mechanism(CBAM) yog tus nqi tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide emissions ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws, tseem hu ua carbon ciam teb hloov se. Hauv 2021, txhawm rau ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txo qis carbon emissions los ntawm 55% los ntawm 2030, EU qhiaHaum rau 55, ib tug series ntawm cov kev cai lij choj nrog rau cov pa roj carbon tariffs.

Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov

CBAM npog cov teb ntawm steel, cement, chiv, txhuas thiab hluav taws xob, tshuaj (hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia dej) thiab polymers (cov khoom yas). Qee lub tebchaws lossis cheeb tsam raug zam los ntawm cov se cuam tshuam, feem ntau suav nrog cov tebchaws tsis yog EU lossis thaj chaw uas tau koom nrog EU emissions trading system, lossis cov tebchaws thiab thaj chaw uas tau lees paub EU emissions trading system, tab sis tsis suav nrog Tuam Tshoj.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm taxation

Cov ntaub ntawv se ntawm CBAM yog tus xa khoom hauv EU.Cov neeg tuaj yeem yuav tsum tau sau npe nrog EU CBAM txoj cai tswjfwm thiab tuaj yeem xa cov khoom lag luam cuam tshuam tsuas yog tom qab kev pom zoo. Hauv qab no yog cov qauv kev suav nqi:

CBAM tus nqi = carbon nqi ib chav (EUR / ton) x carbon emission (ton)

Cov pa roj carbon emission (tons) =carbon emission siv zog × cov khoom kom muaj nuj nqis (tons)

Lub sijhawm hloov pauv

CBAM yuav pib sim ua haujlwm thaum Lub Kaum Hli xyoo no. Lub sijhawm los ntawm 2023 txog 2026 yuav yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hloov pauv ntawm CBAM. Thaum lub sij hawm hloov pauv, EU importers tsuas yog yuav tsum xa cov ntaub ntawv tawm hauv peb lub hlis twg (cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws hauv lub quarter, cov pa roj carbon monoxide ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws, cov nqi carbon emission them los ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws hauv lub tebchaws, thiab lwm yam) thiab yuav tsis tas yuav them cov nqi carbon tariffs ntawm cov khoom tuaj. Txij xyoo 2027 mus, EU cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum xa cov ntawv pov thawj hluav taws xob CBAM, uas yog, cov nqi se carbon yuav raug txiav.

Lus Cim: 1. Direct carbon emissions: Lub emission ntawm ib yam khoom thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom raws li kev tswj ncaj qha ntawm tus tsim khoom.

2. Indirect carbon emissions: Cov emissions tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom.

EU CBAM siv tag nrho txoj kev ua neej nyob los ntsuas cov pa roj carbon emissions. Yog tias lub lag luam tsis tuaj yeem xam kom raug, qhov kev siv roj carbon emission siv yog qhov nruab nrab carbon emission siv ntawm qhov qis tshaj carbon emission kev ua tau zoo (hauv qab 10%) ntawmcov lag luam ua tib yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws exporting. Yog tias lub tuam txhab tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon emissions, qhov nruab nrab cov pa roj carbon ntau ntawm cov pa roj carbon emissions qis tshaj plaws (hauv qab 5%) ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom lag luam tib yam hauv EU yuav raug siv.

Xaus

Cov pa roj carbon hneev taw khiav los ntawm tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm lub roj teeb, suav nrog cov khoom siv raw, kev tsim khoom, cov saw hlau, daim ntawv thov thiab rov ua dua tshiab. EU covTxoj Cai Roj Teeb Tshiab thiab carbon tariffs them tshwj xeeb rau cov pa roj carbon emissions ntawm cov khoom, thiab ua kom nruj thiab meej cov cai rau roj teeb carbon hneev taw tshaj tawm, kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo thiab qhov pib, thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam roj teeb tsis muaj cov qauv kev lag luam carbon hneev taw thiab cov txheej txheem, thiab cov ntaub ntawv roj teeb carbon hneev taw yog qhov tsis muaj. Txawm hais tias nws yog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw thaum ntxov, lossis cov pa roj carbon hneev taw tom ntej thiab cov kev cai pib yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau cov khoom muag thiab xa tawm. Tam sim no muaj qee lub tuam txhab roj teeb hauv tsev tau tsim cov khoom lag luam xoom-carbon, khw muag khoom xoom-carbon, xoom-carbon factories. Lwm lub tuam txhab tseem yuav tsum nkag siab raws sijhawm thiab ua kom tau raws li cov cai ntawm EU cov cai kom sai li sai tau, kom ntseeg tau tias kev xa tawm cov roj teeb thiab lwm yam khoom mus rau EU ua raws li cov cai.

Lub hlis tom ntej no yuav coj koj mus rau kev txhais lus ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov roj teeb hauv Tshooj 8 ntawm EU's Txoj Cai Roj Teeb Tshiab: portable batteries, light transport batteries, industrial batteries, electric tsheb batteries and automotive batteries.