European Green Deal yog dab tsi?

Tshaj tawm los ntawm European Commission thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2019, European Green Deal lub hom phiaj los teeb tsa EU txoj hauv kev rau kev hloov pauv ntsuab thiab thaum kawgua tiavveclimate neutrality los ntawm 2050.

Lub European Green Deal yog ib pob ntawm txoj cai pib txij li kev nyab xeeb, ib puag ncig, lub zog, kev thauj mus los, kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, mus rau nyiaj txiag ruaj khov. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los hloov EU mus rau kev vam meej, niaj hnub thiab kev lag luam kev sib tw, kom ntseeg tau tias txhua txoj cai muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub hom phiaj kawg kom dhau los ua huab cua nruab nrab.

Dab tsi yog qhov pib ua Green Deal suav nrog?

——Haum rau 55

Lub Fit rau 55 lub hom phiaj ua kom lub hom phiaj ntawm Green Deal rau hauv txoj cai lij choj, qhia txog kev txo qis tsawg kawg yog 55% net greenhouse gas emissions los ntawm 2030.Thepob ntawv suav nrog cov txheej txheem kev cai lij choj thiab kev hloov kho rau EU txoj cai lij choj uas twb muaj lawm, tsim los pab EU txiav net greenhouse gas emissions thiab ua tiav huab cua nruab nrab.

——Daim phiaj xwm kev lag luam ncig ncig

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 11, 2020, European Commission tau tshaj tawm "Ib Txoj Haujlwm Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam Tshiab rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo thiab Kev Sib Tw Ntau Tebchaws Europe", uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm European Green Deal, sib cuam tshuam nrog European Cov Tswv Yim Kev Lag Luam.

Lub Hom Phiaj Ua Haujlwm qhia txog 35 cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov khoom lag luam txoj cai tswj hwm kev ruaj ntseg raws li nws qhov tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov khoom tsim, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab cov phiaj xwm txhawb nqa cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom. Cov kev ntsuas focal yuav tsom rau cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb xws li khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ICT, roj teeb thiab tsheb, ntim khoom, yas, textiles, kev tsim kho thiab vaj tse, nrog rau cov zaub mov, dej thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Kev hloov kho rau txoj cai pov tseg kuj tau npaj tseg. Tshwj xeeb, Action Plan muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb:

• Circularity nyob rau hauv Sustainable Product Lifecycle
• Txhawb nqa cov neeg siv khoom
• Targeting Key Industries
• Txo cov pov tseg

Circularity nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm Sustainable khoom

Qhov no yog tsim los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab kho tau yooj yim dua, txhawb cov neeg siv khoom kom muaj kev xaiv zoo dua.

Ekos npe

Txij li xyoo 2009, Ecodesign Directive tau tso tseg cov kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob npog ntau yam khoom (xws li khoos phis tawj, tub yees, twj tso kua mis).Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 27, 2024, Pawg Saib Xyuas tau txais cov kev cai tshiab ecodesign rau cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov.

Cov kev cai lij choj tshiab tsom mus rau:

² Teem ib puag ncig sustainability yuav tsum tau rau yuav luag txhua yam khoom muab tso rau hauv EU lag luam

² Tsim daim ntawv hla tebchaws cov khoom lag luam uas muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib puag ncig kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom

² Txwv tsis pub rhuav tshem qee yam khoom siv tsis tau muag (textiles thiab khau)

²

Rightkho

EU xav kom cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem nrhiav kev kho dua li kev hloov pauv yog tias cov khoom puas lossis puas lawm. Cov kev cai lij choj tshiab tau tshaj tawm nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 2023 los cuam tshuam cov khoom pov tseg ntxov ntxov ntawm cov khoom kho tau.

Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 30, 2024, Pawg Saib Xyuas tau txais Txoj Cai Kho Kho (R2R) Cov Lus Qhia.Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog:

² Cov neeg siv khoom muaj cai thov cov tuam txhab lag luam los kho cov khoom lag luam uas kho tau raws li EU txoj cai lij choj (xws li tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, tshuab nqus tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws lossis xov tooj ntawm tes).

² Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob dawb nyob sab Europe

² Ib qho kev pabcuam online uas txuas cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tu

² Tus neeg muag khoom lub sijhawm lav yog txuas ntxiv rau 12 lub hlis tom qab kho cov khoom

Txoj cai tshiab tseem yuav txo cov khoom pov tseg thiab txhawb kev lag luam kom ruaj khov dua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom kom txuas ntxiv lub neej voj voog ntawm lawv cov khoom.

Circularity ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm

Txoj Cai Kev Lag Luam Emissions Directive yog EU txoj cai tseem ceeb los daws cov teeb meem kev lag luam.

Lub EU tsis ntev los no tau hloov kho cov lus qhia los txhawb kev lag luam hauv nws txoj kev siv zog kom ua tiav EU lub hom phiaj zero pollution los ntawm 2050, tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam thiab kev nqis peev. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2023, EU Council thiab European Parliament tau txais kev pom zoo ib ntus ntawm kev hloov kho Cov Lus Qhia hauv kev sib tham tripartite. Txoj cai tshiab tau txais los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2024.

Txhawb nqa cov neeg siv khoom

EU xav tiv thaiv cov tuam txhab los ntawm kev hais lus dag txog ib puag ncig cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam.

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 20, 2024, Pawg Saib Xyuas tau txais cov lus qhia txhawm rau txhawb cov neeg siv khoom txoj cai hloov pauv ntsuab. Eu cov neeg siv khoom yuav:

² Kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha los ua qhov kev xaiv ntsuab zoo, suav nrog cov theem pib tawm

² Kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau kev thov ntsuab tsis ncaj ncees

² Zoo nkag siab txog kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov khoom ua ntej yuav

Cov lus qhia tseem qhia txog ib daim ntawv lo uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev lag luam durability guarantees muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam

Cov phiaj xwm nqis tes ua tsom rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb uas siv cov peev txheej ntau tshaj plaws thiab muaj peev xwm rov ua dua tshiab.

Charger

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob yog ib qho kev loj hlob sai tshaj plaws hauv cov dej khib nyiab hauv EU. Yog li ntawd, Daim phiaj xwm Kev Lag Luam Circular Economy Action Plan nthuav tawm cov kev ntsuas los txhim kho cov kav ntev thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2022, EU tau txais kev pom zooUniversal Charger Cov Lus Qhia, uas yuav ua rau USB hom-C them cov chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum tau ua rau ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob (xws li xov tooj ntawm tes, video game consoles, wireless keyboards, laptops, thiab lwm yam).

Txawb xov tooj thiab ntsiav tshuaj computer

Cov kev cai lij choj EU tshiab yuav ua rau cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem yuav cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab ntsiav tshuaj cov khoos phis tawj uas siv zog ntau dua, ruaj khov thiab yooj yim dua los kho hauv EU kev ua lag luam vim tias:

² Cov cai lij choj Ecodesign teeb tsa yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov roj teeb uas muaj zog, muaj cov khoom seem, thiab kev hloov kho kev ua haujlwm

² Cov kev cai lij choj hais txog hluav taws xob tswj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab roj teeb lub neej, nrog rau cov qhab nia kho kom zoo

Cov koom haum Eu tau hloov kho cov cai lij choj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg thiab hluav taws xob, suav nrog ntau yam khoom xws li khoos phis tawj, tub yees thiab photovoltaic panels.

Roj teeb thiab roj teeb pov tseg

Xyoo 2023, EU tau txais txoj cai lij choj ntawm cov roj teeb uas lub hom phiaj los tsim kev lag luam ncig rau kev lag luam los ntawm kev tsom mus rau txhua theem ntawm lub roj teeb lub neej, los ntawm kev tsim mus rau kev pov tseg pov tseg. Qhov kev txav no yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb.

Ntim

Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2022, Coucil tau npaj cov kev hloov kho rau kev ntim khoom thiab ntim cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg. Lub Commission tau pom zoo ib ntus nrog European Parliament nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 2024.

Qee qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev thov muaj xws li:

² Ntimkev txo qislub hom phiaj ntawm Member State theem

² txwv kev ntim ntau dhau

² Txhawb nqa rov siv dua thiab ntxiv cov tshuab

² Yuav tsum tso nyiaj rov qab rau lub raj mis yas thiab cov kaus poom txhuas

Cov yas

Txij li xyoo 2018, European Circular Economy Plastics Strategy lub hom phiaj los txhim kho cov khoom ntim yas rov ua dua tshiab thiab muab cov lus teb muaj zog rau microplastics.

² Ua kom rov ua dua thiab txo cov pov tseg yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom tseem ceeb

² Txoj cai tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv biobased, biodegradable thiab compostable plastics kom paub meej qhov twg cov yas no tuaj yeem nqa cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib puag ncig

² Ua cov kauj ruam los daws qhov tsis txhob txwm tso tawm ntawm microplastics rau hauv ib puag ncig kom txo cov pov tseg yas

Textiles

Lub Commission's EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles aims kom textiles ruaj khov, kho, rov siv tau thiab rov ua dua los ntawm 2030.

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2023, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas tau hais tias:

² Tuav cov neeg tsim khoom lav ris rau tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm cov khoom siv textile los ntawm kev nthuav tawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom

² Ua kom nrawm rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib cais, sib cais, rov siv dua thiab rov ua dua tshiab, raws li Cov Tswv Cuab yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua ntej 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2025

² daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev xa tawm tsis raug cai ntawm textile pov tseg

Lub Council tab tom tshuaj xyuas cov lus pom zoo raws li cov txheej txheem kev cai lij choj.

Sustainable Product ecodesign kev cai lij choj thiab cov cai lij choj thauj khoom pov tseg kuj tseem xav tias yuav pab tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau cov khoom lag luam textile thiab txwv kev xa tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg.

Ccov khoom siv qhia

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2023, Pawg Saib Xyuas thiab Pawg Thawj Coj tau pom zoo ib ntus kev pom zoo ntawm kev hloov kho rau cov khoom tsim kho cov cai uas tau hais los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas. Cov kev cai tshiab qhia txog cov kev cai tshiab los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom tsim kho tau tsim thiab tsim kom ruaj khov, kho tau yooj yim, rov ua dua tshiab thiab yooj yim dua rau kev tsim khoom dua tshiab.

Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum:

² Muab cov ntaub ntawv ib puag ncig txog cov khoom lag luam lifecycle

² Tsim thiab tsim cov khoom hauv txoj hauv kev uas pab txhawb kev rov siv dua, rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab

² Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tau zoo dua

² Muab cov lus qhia txog kev siv thiab kev pabcuam cov khoom

Txo cov khoom pov tseg

EU tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev ntsuas los ntxiv dag zog thiab ua kom zoo dua EU txoj cai pov tseg.

Cov hom phiaj txo pov tseg

Txoj cai tswjfwm pov tseg, siv txij li Lub Xya Hli 2020, tau teeb tsa cov cai rau cov tswvcuab rau:

² Txog xyoo 2025, nce kev rov siv dua thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov khib nyiab hauv nroog los ntawm 55%

² Ua kom muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau rov siv dua, npaj rau rov siv dua thiab rov ua dua los ntawm 1 Lub Ib Hlis 2025.

² Ua kom muaj kev sib cais ntawm biowaste rau rov siv dua, npaj rau rov siv dua thiab rov ua dua ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm 31 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2023

² Ua kom tiav cov phiaj xwm rov ua dua tshiab rau cov khoom ntim los ntawm 2025 thiab 2030

Ib puag ncig tsis muaj tshuaj lom

Txij li xyoo 2020, EU chemicals lub tswv yim rau kev ruaj ntseg lub hom phiaj los pab kom cov tshuaj muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig.

² Nyob rau 24 Lub Kaum Hli 2022, raws li txoj kev npaj ua lag luam ncig, EU tau txais kev hloov kho ntawm txoj caintawm persistent organic pollutants(PoPs), cov tshuaj phem uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov neeg siv khoom (xws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj dej tsis zoo, cov yas, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob).

Cov cai tshiab tsom mus rautxo cov concentration txwv qhov tseem ceebrau lub xub ntiag ntawm PoPs nyob rau hauv pov tseg, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub voj voog kev lag luam, qhov twg cov khib nyiab yuav siv ntau dua li cov khoom siv raw.

² Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2023, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas tau txais nws txoj haujlwm sib tham txog kev kho dua tshiab ntawm kev faib tawm, sau npe thiab ntim cov tshuaj raws cai uas tau hais los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas. Cov kev ntsuas tau npaj muaj xws li cov cai tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv tshuaj refillable uas yuav pab txo cov ntim khoom pov tseg.

Secondary raw khoom

Lub Rooj Sab Laj tau txais txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw, uas yog lub hom phiaj los txhawb txhua theem ntawm European cov khoom tseem ceeb raw cov saw hlau suav nrog los ntawm kev txhim kho kev ncig thiab rov ua dua tshiab.

EU Council thiab Parliament tau mus txog qhov kev pom zoo ib ntus ntawm txoj cai nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2023.Cov cai tshiab tau tsim lub hom phiaj ntawm tsawg kawg 25% ntawm EU cov khoom siv raw khoom tseem ceeb txhua xyoo los ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab.

Kev xa khoom pov tseg

Pawg Council thiab European Parliament cov neeg sib tham tau mus txog qhov kev pom zoo ntawm nom tswv ib ntus los hloov kho cov kev cai ntawm kev xa khoom pov tseg thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2023. Cov cai tau raug pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Sab Laj nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 2024. Nws yog los tswj kev lag luam pov tseg hauv EU thiab tsis - Cov tebchaws EU.

² Los xyuas kom meej tias kev xa tawm pov tseg tsis ua mob rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv

² Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev xa khoom tsis raug cai

Txoj cai tswj hwm lub hom phiaj txo qis kev xa khoom ntawm cov teeb meem pov tseg mus rau sab nraud EU, hloov kho cov txheej txheem xa khoom kom muaj kev cuam tshuam cov hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam ncig, thiab txhim kho kev tswj hwm. Nws txhawb nqa kev siv cov khoom pov tseg hauv EU.

Cov ntsiab lus

EU tau tshaj tawm txoj cai tswjfwm, xws li txoj cai lij choj tshiab roj teeb, eco-tsim cov cai, txoj cai kho (R2R), universal charger directive, thiab lwm yam, los txhawb kev siv cov khoom lag luam kom ruaj khov, aiming mus rau hauv txoj kev. ntawm kev hloov pauv ntsuab thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm huab cua nruab nrab hauv xyoo 2050. EU txoj cai kev lag luam ntsuab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom. Cov tuam txhab tsim nyog uas muaj kev xav tau ntawm EU yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas EU txoj cai tswjfwm kom raws sijhawm thiab hloov kho.