Keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv 1800, tus Italian physicist A. Volta tau tsim lub voltaic pawg, uas tau qhib qhov pib ntawm lub tswv yim roj teeb thiab piav rau thawj lub sij hawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm electrolyte nyob rau hauv electrochemical zog cia li. Cov electrolyte tuaj yeem pom tau tias yog ib qho hluav taws xob insulating thiab ion-conducting txheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua los yog khoom, ntxig rau ntawm qhov tsis zoo thiab zoo electrodes. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm kev ua kom cov roj lithium ntsev (xws li LiPF6) hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic carbonate uas tsis muaj dej (xws li EC thiab DMC). Raws li cov qauv ntawm tes thiab tsim qauv, cov electrolyte feem ntau suav rau 8% mus rau 15% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tes. Dab tsi's ntau, nws flammability thiab pom kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm -10°C rau 60°C cuam tshuam kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm roj teeb lub zog ceev thiab kev nyab xeeb. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tshiab electrolyte raug suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov roj teeb tshiab tiam tom ntej.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua haujlwm los tsim cov tshuab electrolyte sib txawv. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov kuab tshuaj fluorinated uas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo lithium hlau cycling, organic lossis inorganic khoom electrolytes uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam tsheb thiab "cov roj teeb hauv lub xeev" (SSB). Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas yog hais tias cov khoom electrolyte hloov cov thawj cov kua electrolyte thiab diaphragm, kev nyab xeeb, ib lub zog ceev thiab lub neej ntawm lub roj teeb yuav ua tau zoo dua. Tom ntej no, peb tsuas yog sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom electrolytes nrog cov khoom sib txawv.

Inorganic khoom electrolytes

Inorganic khoom electrolytes tau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam electrochemical zog cia khoom, xws li ib co high-temperature rechargeable roj teeb Na-S, Na-NiCl2 roj teeb thiab thawj Li-I2 roj teeb. Rov qab rau xyoo 2019, Hitachi Zosen (Nyiv) tau nthuav tawm tag nrho cov khoom siv-lub xeev lub hnab roj teeb ntawm 140 mAh los siv rau hauv qhov chaw thiab sim ntawm International Chaw Nres Tsheb (ISS). Lub roj teeb no yog tsim los ntawm sulfide electrolyte thiab lwm yam roj teeb uas tsis tau qhia tawm, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm -40°C thiab 100°C. Hauv xyoo 2021 lub tuam txhab tab tom qhia txog lub peev xwm ntau dua cov khoom siv roj teeb ntawm 1,000 mAh. Hitachi Zosen pom qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov roj teeb khoom siv rau qhov chaw hnyav xws li qhov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej siv ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Lub tuam txhab npaj yuav muab ob npaug rau lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm los ntawm 2025. Tab sis txog tam sim no, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam tawm hauv lub xeev cov roj teeb uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tsheb fais fab.

Organic semi-solid thiab khoom electrolytes

Hauv pawg organic khoom electrolyte, Fabkis Bolloré tau ua tiav kev lag luam gel-type PVDF-HFP electrolyte thiab gel-type PEO electrolyte. Lub tuam txhab tseem tau tsim lub tsheb sib koom ua haujlwm tsav tsheb hauv North America, Europe thiab Asia los siv lub roj teeb thev naus laus zis no rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob, tab sis lub roj teeb polymer no yeej tsis tau siv dav hauv cov tsheb neeg caij tsheb. Ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau lawv txoj kev ua lag luam tsis zoo yog tias lawv tsuas yog siv tau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (50°C rau 80°C) thiab tsawg voltage ranges. Cov roj teeb no tam sim no tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb, xws li qee lub tsheb npav hauv nroog. Tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov roj ntsha ntshiab polymer electrolyte ntawm chav tsev kub (piv txwv li, nyob ib ncig ntawm 25°C).

Cov qeb semisolid muaj xws li cov kua nplaum uas muaj kuab heev, xws li cov ntsev-solvent tov, cov tshuaj electrolyte uas muaj ntsev ntau dua li tus qauv 1 mol / L, nrog cov concentrations lossis cov ntsiab lus saturation siab li 4 mol / L. Ib qho kev txhawj xeeb nrog cov concentrated electrolyte sib tov yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm fluorinated ntsev, uas tseem ua rau muaj lus nug txog cov ntsiab lus lithium thiab ib puag ncig cuam tshuam ntawm cov electrolytes. Qhov no yog vim hais tias kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas paub tab yuav tsum muaj kev txheeb xyuas lub neej zoo. Thiab cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semi-tshuaj kuj yuav tsum tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim kom tau yooj yim dua rau hauv tsheb hluav taws xob.

Hybrid electrolytes

Hybrid electrolytes, tseem hu ua cov electrolytes sib xyaw, tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li aqueous / organic solvent hybrid electrolytes lossis los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kua tsis muaj dej electrolyte rau cov khoom siv electrolyte, xav txog kev tsim khoom thiab scalability ntawm cov khoom electrolytes thiab cov kev xav tau rau stacking tshuab. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li hybrid electrolytes tseem nyob rau theem tshawb fawb thiab tsis muaj cov piv txwv coj mus muag.

Kev txiav txim siab rau kev lag luam kev loj hlob ntawm electrolytes

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv electrolytes yog kev nyab xeeb thiab lub neej ntev, tab sis cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo txiav txim siab thaum ntsuas lwm cov kua lossis cov khoom electrolytes:

• Kev tsim cov txheej txheem thiab kev tsim qauv ntawm cov khoom electrolyte. Laboratory gauge roj teeb feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv electrolyte nrog ob peb puas microns tuab, coated ntawm ib sab ntawm cov electrodes. Cov khoom me me no tsis yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov hlwb loj (10 txog 100Ah), vim tias muaj peev xwm ntawm 10 ~ 100Ah yog qhov tshwj xeeb yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum muaj rau cov roj teeb tam sim no.
• Cov khoom electrolyte kuj hloov lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub diaphragm. Raws li nws qhov hnyav thiab tuab yog mush ntau dua PP / PE diaphragm, nws yuav tsum tau kho kom ua tiav qhov hnyav.≥350 Wh/kgthiab zog ceev≥900 Wh/L kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nws kev lag luam.

Roj teeb yeej ib txwm muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus ntshai rau qee qib. Cov khoom electrolytes, txawm hais tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li cov kua, tsis tas yuav tsis muaj hluav taws kub. Qee cov polymers thiab inorganic electrolytes tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog oxygen lossis dej, ua rau cov cua sov thiab cov pa phem uas ua rau muaj hluav taws kub thiab tawg. Ntxiv nrog rau ib lub hlwb, cov yas, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntim tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev sib txuas. Yog li thaum kawg, yuav tsum muaj ib qho kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, qib kev nyab xeeb.