Hiav txwv LiabKev kub ntxhov tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev thauj khoom thoob ntiaj teb,
Hiav txwv Liab,

▍ CTUVus & ETL CERTIFICATION yog dab tsi?

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), koom nrog US DOL (Department of Labor), xav kom txhua yam khoom siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab ntawv pov thawj los ntawm NRTL ua ntej muag hauv khw. Cov qauv xeem siv tau suav nrog American National Standards Institute (ANSI) cov qauv; American Society for Testing Material (ASTM) cov qauv, Underwriter Laboratory (UL) cov qauv, thiab lub koom haum kev sib nrig sib lees paub cov qauv.

▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL thiab UL cov ntsiab lus txhais thiab kev sib raug zoo

OSHA:Abbreviation of Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nws yog kev koom tes ntawm US DOL (Department of Labor).

NRTL:Abbreviation of Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory. Nws yog tus saib xyuas ntawm lab kev lees paub. Txog tam sim no, muaj 18 lub koom haum thib peb uas tau pom zoo los ntawm NRTL, suav nrog TUV, ITS, MET thiab lwm yam.

cTUV:Daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm TUVRh hauv North America.

ETL:Abbreviation of American Electrical Testing Laboratory. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1896 los ntawm Albert Einstein, tus neeg tsim khoom Asmeskas.

UL:Cov ntawv luv ntawm Underwriter Laboratories Inc.

▍ Qhov txawv ntawm cTUVus, ETL & UL

▍ Vim li cas MCM?

● Kev txhawb nqa muag los ntawm kev tsim nyog thiab thev naus laus zis:Raws li lub chaw kuaj neeg ua pov thawj ntawm TUVRH thiab ITS hauv North American Certification, MCM muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua yam kev sim thiab muab kev pabcuam zoo dua los ntawm kev sib pauv tshuab ntsej muag.

● Kev txhawb nqa nyuaj los ntawm kev siv tshuab:MCM tau nruab nrog tag nrho cov khoom siv ntsuas rau cov roj teeb ntawm qhov loj-loj, me me thiab cov haujlwm ua tau zoo (xws li lub tsheb fais fab, lub zog cia, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob digital), muaj peev xwm muab tag nrho cov roj teeb kuaj thiab ntawv pov thawj cov kev pabcuam hauv North America, npog cov qauv. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 thiab lwm yam.

Lub Hiav Txwv Liab yog tib txoj kev rau cov nkoj mus ncig ntawm Atlantic thiab Indian Oceans. Nws nyob ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm ob sab av loj ntawm Asia thiab Africa. Nws sab qab teb txuas nrog Arabian Hiav Txwv thiab Dej Hiav Txwv Indian los ntawm Bab el-Mandeb Strait, thiab nws sab qaum teb txuas nrog Hiav Txwv Mediterranean thiab Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic los ntawm Suez Canal. Txoj kev hla Bab el-Mandeb Strait, Hiav Txwv Liab thiab Suez Canal yog ib txoj kev thauj khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub Suez Canal tam sim no yuav tsum yog cov hlab ntsha loj tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum Panama Canal tam sim no ntsib kev tsis txaus dej loj thiab txo qis kev muaj peev xwm. Raws li lub ntsiab navigation channel rau Asia-Europe, Asia-Mediterranean, thiab Asia-Eastern United States txoj kev, lub Suez Canal, nws cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev xa khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb. Raws li Neue Zürcher Zeitung, kwv yees li 12% ntawm kev thauj mus los thoob ntiaj teb hla Hiav Txwv Liab thiab Suez Canal.
Txij li thaum muaj kev tawm tsam tshiab ntawm Palestinian-Israeli kev tsis sib haum xeeb, Yemen lub Houthi cov tub rog tau nquag siv foob pob hluav taws thiab drone tawm tsam rau cov neeg Ixayees vim "txhawb Palestine" thiab tau tawm tsam tsis tu ncua cov nkoj "koom nrog cov neeg Ixayees" hauv Hiav Txwv Liab. Raws li cov xov xwm ntau zuj zus ntawm kev lag luam nkoj raug tawm tsam ze ntawm Hiav Txwv Liab-Mandeb Strait, ntau lub nkoj loj loj thoob ntiaj teb - Swiss Mediterranean, Danish Maersk, Fabkis CMA CGM, German Hapag-Lloyd, thiab lwm yam tau tshaj tawm kom tsis txhob Liab. Txoj kev hiav txwv. Raws li lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18, 2023, lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj tsib lub tuam txhab thauj khoom thoob ntiaj teb tau tshaj tawm kev ncua kev caij nkoj ntawm Hiav Txwv Liab-Suez dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, COSCO, Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) thiab Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) kuj tau hais tias lawv lub nkoj ntim khoom yuav ncua kev caij nkoj hauv Hiav Txwv Liab. Lub sijhawm no, cov tuam txhab thauj khoom loj hauv ntiaj teb tau pib lossis tab tom yuav ncua kev caij nkoj ntawm txoj kev Hiav Txwv Liab-Suez.
Kev kub ntxhov ntawm Hiav Txwv Liab tau txwv kev txwv rau txhua txoj kev taug kev sab hnub poob hauv East Asia, suav nrog rau Middle East, Hiav Txwv Liab, North Africa, Hiav Txwv Dub, sab hnub tuaj Mediterranean, sab hnub poob Mediterranean thiab sab hnub poob Europe.